Crimean-congo Hemorrhagic Fever and Experimental Lessons in Iran: an Overview of Crimean-congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the World

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) name derives from the separate regions in Asia (Criema) and Africa (Congo) where severe and often fatal human cases of hemorrhagic disease and fever were recognized in the 1940s and 1950s for the first time. CCHF virus (CCHFV) is transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticks (several species of genus Hyalomma). CCHFV has also been transmitted to human through contact with blood or tissue of infected animals and also nosocomially. CCHF is a viral zoonotic disease that can develop into a severe hemorrhagic fever in human and has a case fatality of 13-50%. CCHFV is a member of genus of Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae. The classification of the Nairoviruses was originally based on their antigenic relatedness; however, the groupings have subsequently been substantiated through demonstration of morphological and molecular affinities between the viruses.