Topological Aspects of the Dynamics of Fluids and Plasmas - Nato Science Series E: 1992 edition

Marc Notes: Includes bibliographical references and indexes.; Published in cooperation with NATO Scientic Affairs Division.; Proceedings of the program of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, U. S. A. and of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Topological Aspects of the Dynamics of Fluids and Plasmas, University of California at Santa Barbara, U. S. A., November 1-5, 1991--T.p. verso. Table of Contents: I. Introductory Lectures.- Relaxation under Topological Constraints.- Knot Theory, Jones Polynomials, Invariants of 3-Manifolds, and the Topological Theory of Fluid Dynamics.- Topology of Knots.- Stretching and Alignment in General Flow Fields: Classical Trajectories from Reynolds Number Zero to Infinity.- Fast Dynamo Theory.- II. Relaxation and Minimum Energy States.- Relaxation and Topology in Plasma Experiments.- Taylor s Relaxation in an Unbounded Domain of Space.- Force-Free Magnetic Fields with Constant Alpha.- Minimum Energy Magnetic Fields with Toroidal Topology.- Research Announcement on the Energy of Knots.- III. Helicity, Linkage, and Flow Topology.- The Helicity of a Knotted Vortex Filament.- A Heirarchy of Linking Integrals.- Borromeanism and Bordism.- Topology of Steady Fluid Flows.- IV. The Euler Equations: Extremal Properties and Finite Time Singularities.- Extremal Properties and Hamiltonian Structure of the Euler Equations.- Blow Up in Axisymmetric Euler Flows.- Is There a Finite-Time Singularity in Axisymmetric Euler Flows?.- Evidence for a Singularity of the Three-Dimensional Incompressible Euler Equations.- Singularity Formation on Vortex Sheets: The Raleigh-Taylor Problem.- V. Vortex Interactions and the Structure of Turbulence.- 2D Turbulence: New Results for Re ? ?.- On Vortex Reconnection and Turbulence.- New Aspects of Vortex Dynamics: Helical Waves, Core Dynamics, Viscous Helicity Generation, and Interaction with Turbulence.- Intermittency Growth in 3D Turbulence.- Dynamical Mechanisms for Intermittency Effects in Fully Developed Turbulence.- The Multispiral Model of Turbulence and Intermittency.- Measurements of Local Scaling of Turbulent Velocity Fields at High Reynolds Numbers.- On the Determination of Universal Multifractal Parameters in Turbulence.- VI. Chaos, Instability and Dynamo Theory.- Anomolous Transport and Fractal Kinectics.- Kinematical Instability and Line-Stretching in Relation to the Geodesics of Fluid Motion.- The Behavior of Active and Passive Particles in a Chaotic Flow.- Chaos Associated with Fluid Inertia.- Instability Criteria in Fluid Dynamics.- Localized Instabilities in Fluids.- Kinematic Fast Dynamo Action in a Time-Periodic Chaotic Flow.- An Exact Turbulent Closure for the Hydromagnetic Dynamo.- Author Index."Publisher Marketing: This volume contains papers arising out of the program of the Institute for Theoretical Physics (ITP) of the University of California at Santa Bar bara, August-December 1991, on the subject "Topological Fluid Dynamics." The first group of papers cover the lectures on Knot Theory, Relaxation un der Topological Constraints, Kinematics of Stretching, and Fast Dynamo Theory presented at the initial Pedagogical Workshop of the program. The remaining papers were presented at the subsequent NATO Advanced Re search Workshop or were written during the course of the program. We wish to acknowledge the support of the NATO Science Committee in making this workshop possible. The scope of "Topological Fluid Dynamics" was defined by an earlier Symposium of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechan ics (IUTAM) held in Cambridge, England in August, 1989, the Proceedings of which were published (Eds. H. K. Moffatt and A. Tsinober) by Cambridge University Press in 1990. The proposal to hold an ITP program on this sub ject emerged from that Symposium, and we are grateful to John Greene and Charlie Kennel at whose encouragement the original proposal was formu lated. Topological fluid dynamics covers a range of problems, particularly those involving vortex tubes and/or magnetic flux tubes in nearly ideal fluids, for which topological structures can be identified and to some extent quantified."

Contributor Bio:  North Atlantic Treaty Organization Dedication. Preface. Acknowledgments. Clifford Geometric Algebras in Multilinear Algebra and Non-Euclidean Geometries.- Geometric algebra Projective Geometries; Affine and other geometries; Affine Geometry of pseudo-euclidean space; Conformal Geometry and the Horosphere; References. Content-Based Information Retrieval by Group Theoretical Methods.- Introduction; Motivating Examples; General Concept; Fault Tolerance.- Applications, Prototypes, and Test Results; Related Work and Future Research; References.- Four Problems in Radar.-Introduction; Radar Fundamentals; Radar Waveforms; Signal Processing; Space-Time Adaptive Processing; Four Problems in Radar; Conclusions. Introduction to Generalized Classical and Quantum Signal and System Theories on Groups and Hypergroups.-Generalized classical signal/system theory on hypergroups; Generalized quantum signal/system theory on hypergroups; Conclusion; References. Lie Groups and Lie Algebras in Robotics.- Introduction -- Rigid Body Motions; Lie Groups; Finite Screw Motions; Mechanical Joints; Invisible Motion and Gripping; Forward Kinematics; Lie Algebra; The Adjoint Representation; The Exponential Map Derivatives of Exponentials; Jacobians; Concluding Remarks; References. Quantum/Classical Interface: a Geometric Approach from the Classical Side.- Introduction Paravector Space as Spacetime; Eigenspinors; Spin; Dirac Equation; Bell's Theorem; Qubits and Entanglement; Conclusions; References. PONS, Reed-Muller Codes, and Group Algebras.- Introduction; Analytic Theory of One-Dimensional PONS (Welti); Shapiro Sequences, Reed-Muller Codes, and Functional Equations; Group Algebras; Reformulation of Classical PONS; Group Algebra of Classical PONS; GroupAlgebra Convolution; Splitting Sequences; Historical Appendix on PONS; References. Clifford Algebras as a Unified Language.- Introduction; Clifford algebras as models of physical spaces; Clifford Algebras as Models of Perceptual Multicolor Spaces; Hypercomplex-Valued invariants of nD multicolor images; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References. Recent Progress and Applications in Group FFTs.-Introduction; Finite group FFTs; FFTs for compact groups; Noncompact groups; References. Group Filters and Image Processing.- Introduction: Classical Digital Signal Processing; Abelian Group DSP; Nonabelian Groups; Examples; Group Transforms; Group Filters; Line-like Images; Acknowledgments; References. A Geometric Algebra Approach to Some Problems of Robot Vision.- Introduction; Local Analysis of Multi-dimensional Signals; Knowledge Based Neural Computing; Acknowledgments; References. Group Theory in Radar and Signal Processing.- Introduction; How a Radar Works; Representations; Representations and Radar; Ambiguity Functions; The Wide Band Case; References. Geometry of Paravector Space with Applications to Relativistic Physics.- Clifford Algebras in Physics; Paravector Space as Spacetime; Interpretation; Eigenspinors; Maxwell's Equation; Conclusions; References. A Unified Approach to Fourier-Clifford-Prometheus Transforms- Introduction; New construction of classical and multiparametric Prometheus transforms; PONS associated with Abelian groups; Fast Fourier-Prometheus Transforms; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References. Fast Color Wavelet Transforms.- Introduction; Color images; Color Wavelet-Haar-Prometheus transforms; Edge detection and compression of color images; Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References. Selected Problems; Various Authors.- Transformations of Euclidean Space and Clifford Geometric; Algebra; References; On the Distribution of Kloosterman Sums on Polynomials over Quaternions; References; Harmonic Sliding Analysis Problems; References; Spectral Analysis under Conditions of Uncertainty; A Canonical Basis for Maximal Tori of the Reductive Centrizer of a Nilpotent Element; References; 6 The Quantum Chaos Conjecture References; Four Problems in Radar; Topic Index; Author Index